Reported Speech Direct and Indirect

Reported Speech 
Direct and Indirect 

Reported Speech atau indirect speech adalah suatu cara mengungkapkan apa yg orang lain (speaker) telah katakan secara langsung (direct/quoted speech) berupa pernyataan, pertanyaan, atau ucapan lainnya dengan mengubah format pembicaraan tersebut sehingga menjadi lebih jelas, alami, efisien bagi pendengarnya. Logikanya, seorang penyampai berita tidak melaporkan persis setiap kata yang di ucapkan oleh seseorang.

Direct Speech yang diubah menjadi reported speech tersebut dapat berupa statement (pernyataan), imperative [command (perintah), invitation (undangan), request (permintaan)], yes/no question (pertanyaan), maupun information question (pertanyaan akan informasi).

Direct and Indirect Speech ada 3 macam :

1. Statement (pernyataan) yang menggunakan kata "that"

contoh :

He said, "we will go to Hongkong tomorrow"

He said that they would go to Hongkong the next day.

John said, "I'm a university student"

John said that he was a university student.

2. Command (perintah) menambahkan kata "to" sebagai penghubung kalimat melaporkan dengan yang dilaporkan. "not to" dalam perintah negatif.

Contoh :

He told me, "wait for me !"

He told me to wait for him.

She told me, "don't cheat anymore !"

She told me not to cheat anymore.

3. yes/no question (pertanyaan) jika kalimat dari jenis "yes or no question", maka bentuk laporannya menggunakan If atau whether.

Contoh :

Febby asked me, "Do you really love me?"

Febby asked me if/whether I really loved her.

Mixed type:

Contoh :

Zafran asked me, "what's happening to you? You look so pale"

Zafran asked me what was happening to me as I looked so pale.

Note : Past Tense kadang kadang tidak berubah dalam percakapan.

Cara memgubah Direct menjadi Reported Speech

Pada. dasarnya, direct speech diubah menjadi reported speech  dengan menghilangkan tanda baca kutip, menghilangkan huruf kapital didalam kalimat, menambahkan "that (optional)", mengubah pronoun (menjadi orang ketiga), memodifikasi verb, mengoreksi time reference (waktu yang disebutkan dalam pembicaraan) dan/atau menambahkan whether / if. Berikut beberapa penjelasannya.

Time References

Perbandingan time references pada direct dan reported speech adalah sebagai berikut :

Direct Speech - Indirect Speech 

Simple Present menjadi Simple Past 

He said, " The woman comes" 

He said that the woman came

Dari contoh di atas dapat di simpulkan perubahan untuk bentuk waktu dari reported speech sebagai berikut :

kalau reported speech berhubungan dengan kebenaran umum atau fakta yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan, present indefinite atau simple present dalam reported speech tidak diubah ke dalam bentuk lampau yang sesuai, melainkan tetap persis sebagaimana adanya,

Contoh :

Direct Speech - Indirect Speech

He said, "The sun rises in the east"

He said that the sun rises in the east.

dalam reported speech, bila present tense di ubah ke dalam past tense kata sifat, kata kerja, atau kata keterangan umumnya di ubah 

Contoh Soal :

1. did they eat out together yesterday ?

    a. He asked me if they had eaten out yesterday.

    b. He asked me if they had eaten out together the day

         before.

    c. He asked me if they has eaten out together the day before.

    d. He asked me if they have eaten out together the day before.

2. Don't turn off the light now.

    a. He told me dont turn off the light at that time.

    b. He told me not to turn off the light at that time.

    c. He told me didn't turn off the light at that time

    d. He told me didn't turn off the light at now

3. What's your passion?

    a. She wanted to know what is my passion.

    b. She wanted to know what was my passion.

    c. She wanted to know what my passion was.

    d. Shw wanted to know what was my passion

4. I begin to understand the concept of biodiversity.

   a. He asked me that he began to understand the concept of 

       biodiversity.

   b. He wanted to know if he began to understand the concept of 

        biodiversity.

   c. He said that he began to understand the concept of 

       biodiversity.

   d. He said that I began to understand the concept of 

       biodibersity.

5. your friend has just left.

    a. He told me that your friend had just left.

    b. He told me that my friend has just left.

    c. He told me that my friend had just left.

    d. He told me that my friend have just left.

Referensi :

http://triicecsfabregas.blogspot.co.id/2012/03/direct-and-indirect-speech.html

http://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-indirect-reported-speech

http://kanjengguru.blog.com/materi-grammar/direct-and-indirect-speech/

http://strataway10.blogspot.co.id/2015/03/soal-latihan-dan-kunci-jawaban.html     

Febby Rachmadania

4 SA 05 

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